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Wayzata World Factbook 1996
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The World Factbook - 1996 Edition - Wayzata Technology (3079) (1996).iso
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terror
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INLA
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Irish National Liberation Army (INLA)
Date Formed: 1975.
Estimated Membership: Less than 20.
Headquarters: Dublin.
Area of Operations: No significant rural presence in Northern
Ireland, but active in urban areas such as
Belfast and Londonderry.
Leadership: Dominic McGlinchey (killed in 1987), Harry Flynn
(arrested in France in 1986), Gerard Steenson
(killed in 1987), Thomas Power (killed in 1987).
Other Names: None.
Sponsors: None Known.
Political Objectives/Target Audiences:
* Form a united 32-county Socialist Republic in Ireland.
* Oust the British from Northern Ireland through violence, and
overthrow the elected Government of the Republic of Ireland.
Background
The INLA is the military arm of the Irish Republican Socialist
Party (IRSP), a political splinter group of the Official Irish
Republican Army (OIRA). The late Seamus Costello, the OIRA Adjutant
General, was expelled from the OIRA in 1974 and that same year, with
other OIRA dissidents, founded the IRSP The IRSP denies its connection
with the INLA, but its newspaper The Starry Plough, reports INLA
military operations, and the relationship between the two groups is
clear. The INLA is widely regarded as more Marxist in orientation than
the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA).
In the first few years following its creation, the INLA feuded with
both wings (the OIRA and the PIRA) of the Irish Republican Army.
Many militants were killed, including the IRSP's founder Seamus
Costello, who was gunned down in 1977. Despite ideological and tactical
differences, the INLA has collaborated with the PIRA. At one time, this
cooperation reportedly involved regular weekly meetings. Occasional
friction between the groups continues to occur, but their differences
no longer erupt into the bloody killing seen in the mid-1970s.
Although the INLA has engaged in bombings and shootings since 1975,
it achieved widespread notoriety only after the March 1979
assassination of leading British Conservative Party member Airey Neave
in Great Britain. This INLA action shocked British authorities. The
attack was noteworthy because it represented an expansion of INLA
activities outside of Ireland, and it used a sophisticated explosive
device.
In Northern Ireland, typical INLA operations include bombings and
shootings, targeting British soldiers, members of Northern Ireland's
security forces, Ulster government officials, and members of loyalist
political parties and paramilitary groups. The INLA has used a wide
variety of handguns, machineguns, and grenades and tends to use
commercially available explosives in its bombings.
Bank, payroll, and train robberies both in Ulster and the Republic
of Ireland appear to be the primary sources of INLA funding. The group
apparently does not have the access to the international funding
enjoyed by the PIRA and may have begun to resort to extortion to meet
operational expenses.
There is evidence of INLA contacts with the West German Revolutionary
Cells and the French Direct Action (AD). RZ and INLA militants
reportedly have exchanged visits. British sources claim that the
explosives to have been used in INLA's aborted 1985 plot to bomb the
Chelsea Barracks in London were stolen by AD members in France in 1984.
In accordance with its Marxist ideology, the INLA also has expressed
solidarity with numerous national liberation and terrorist movements
throughout the world.
Numerous arrests of INLA terrorists and testimony by "supergrass"
informers (INLA and PIRA militants who inform on their former comrades)
have reduced INLA operational capabilities significantly and caused
the group to limit its activities. Problems in permitting the use of
"supergrass" testimony in court, however led to the release in 1987 of
many captured INLA militants. Upon their release, a bloody feud erupted
over whether to disband the organization, and many militants were
killed. Despite this preoccupation with internal leadership conflicts,
the INLA remains a brutal and unpredictable organization.
Selected Incident Chronology
March 1979 - Assassinated Airey Neave, British Conservative Party
member and spokesman on Northern Ireland, with a car
bomb.
November 1979 - Bombed the British Consulate in Antwerp, Belgium.
April 1981 - Attempted to assassinate Kenneth Shimeld, Permanent
Secretary of the Northern Ireland Office, with a
booby-trap bomb.
December 1982 - Bombed a crowded nightclub frequented by British
soldiers in Ballykelly; 17 people were killed,
12 of them soldiers, and 66 were wounded.
November 1983 - Fired into the congregation of the Mountain Lodge
Gospel Hall in Dardley. Three people were killed and
seven were injured.
March 1985 - Exploded a car bomb near the Belfast site of an
England-Northern Ireland soccer match. Police were
alerted ahead of time and no injuries resulted.
September 1986 - Placed a 50-pound bomb outside the British Legion
Hall in County Down; it was defused by British Army
personnel.
January 1987 - Attempted to assassinate David Calvert, a prominent
Unionist politician in Northern Ireland.
January-June 1987 - At least six persons were murdered and three
injured in internal power struggles among
factions of the INLA.
August 1992 - Alledged to have slain Jimmy Brown, leader of the
rival Irish People's Liberation Organization